Direction-finding Yagi Beam for 70cm

The PVC pipe/brazing rod construction, used in homebrewing this antenna, is the brainchild of OM Nathan Loucks WB0CMT (A Portable 3-Element 2m Beam - April 1993 QST).

All it requires is a length of 25mm PVC pipe, 2 end caps, 1.6mm brazing rod, a BNC socket, a piece of RG-58U coax and M-Seal epoxy sealant.

70cm Direction-finding Yagi Antenna
Element lengths used:

Driven element: 330mm end-to-end, Director: 305mm, Reflector: 355mm

Element spacing:

Driven element to director: 130mm, Driven element to reflector: 75/85mm.

Conversion of the driven element, from a straight dipole to a half-folded one, was an afterthought to bring the SWR down to less than 1.5:1.

70cm Direction-finding Yagi - detail of driven-element
A length of 18SWG copper wire was used for the conversion.

Related post: Wire Slim Jim for 70cm
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'Wire Slim Jim' for 70cm

This Slim Jim for 70cm was homebrewed using a length of 18mm diameter thin-walled PVC tube, 20 SWG copper wire, a BNC socket and ‘M-Seal’(epoxy sealant in dual component lump form).

The wire ends and the flange-type BNC socket are secured with self-tapping screws.

Sealing against water ingress is done with M-Seal.

70cm Wire Slim Jim Antenna
A low SWR (less than 1.5:1) was obtained with the feed point at 25mm from the lower end.

This antenna weighs only 90 grams.

Related post: Open Stub J-Pole for 70cm
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A ¾ λ Ground Plane for 70cm

This antenna is my mast-mounted version of G2BCX OM F.C.Judd's design of a mobile
¾ λ collinear in his 'Two-metre Antenna Handbook'.

It is similar in construction to my ¼ λ Ground Plane for 70cm.

A ¾ λ Ground Plane for 70cm
A SO-239 connector is used.

The driven element, consisting of the ¼ λ lower portion, the ¼ λ hairpin stub and the ½ λ upper portion, is bent from a single brazing rod.

The blue plastic strut gives rigidity to the driven element.

SWR measured lower than 1.5:1 at 435 MHz.

Related post: Another ¼ λ Ground Plane for 70 cm
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A homebrew 2m FM rig

This rig was homebrewed in the year 1987.

It was inspired by G8FWM - OM Brian L.Phillips' article, 'PW AVON - a 10W 2m FM Transmitter', in Practical Wireless (July - September 1978).

http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Practical/Wireless/70s/PW-1978-07.pdf
http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Practical/Wireless/70s/PW-1978-08.pdf
http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Practical/Wireless/70s/PW-1978-09.pdf

OM Brian's dedication to detail and his 1:1 PCB layouts made it easy to homebrew the coils and the 'island pad' style PCBs.

The transmitter stages are 8 MHz crystal oscillator, reactance modulator and multipliers for 24, 72 and 144 MHz. All stages, from 8MHz crystal oscillator to 144MHz multiplier, use BC109B transistors. Three 2N3866 stages amplify the output to 0.5W. A vintage antenna relay does the T/R switching.

Homebrew 2m FM rig - inside view
The receiver section is a converter, wired on perfboard in 1983.

It is based on G3OGR - OM F.G. Rayer's two articles 'Converter for 144-146MHz' and '144-146 MHz Amplifier', in his book 'Projects in Amateur Radio and Short Wave Listening' (1981).

These articles are also covered in '50 (FET) Field Effect Transistor Projects' by the same author.

http://www.talkingelectronics.com/projects/TheTransistorAmplifier/50FETProjects.pdf

3N200 insulated-gate, dual-gate mosfets are used for the preamplifier, amplifier and mixer stages. A couple of 2N918 transistors for local oscillator and first doubler are followed by a 2N2369 second doubler for 133MHz.

The quick and dirty 12VDC power supply was put together with junk box parts.

An aluminium baking tray served as the enclosure.

Crystals ground for the 2m FM rig
The 12 MHz output of the converter was fed to my RCA BC-312-D Receiver, used as a tunable IF and slope detector.

Vintage 8 MHz crystals were ground by hand to the desired frequencies, using QSOs received on the converter and 'well-warmed' BC-312-D as reference.

The pads for FT-6U crystals and trimmers became redundant on account of non availability of the crystals. An 807 tube socket was found suitable to plug in all configurations of vintage crystals used.

With a ¼ λ Ground Plane Antenna, this rig served me well for both local and DX contacts till I could lay my hands on an ICOM IC-02A in the year 1990.

Related post: Simple ¼ λ Ground Plane for 2m
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Tests for power on a 2m antenna

Caution! To avoid dangerous RF exposure, these tests are to be carried out using a maximum power of 5W only. A 2m HT is quite safe for the purpose.

The ability of a neon lamp to glow in the presence of an electromagnetic field made it a handy RF indicator of yesteryear. Many a handie talkie (HT) was tested by just holding a NE-2 near its whip antenna.

Curiosity led to a search of the junk box for a NE-2 but a different type, having plate electrodes, was found (see inset).

Power was applied and the antenna probed with the neon lamp. A static-charged plastic bag, placed in between , helped trigger the neon lamp.The ensuing red glow was sustained by the RF energy. The plastic bag may not be required when dry weather and synthetic clothes make it more conducive for the test.
Neon Lamp Test on J-Pole Antenna
At high voltage points the neon continued to glow even when moved away from the antenna.

Neon Lamp Test on Rubber Ducky
A more reliable method is to use a dipole as a pickup and a 6.3V-150mA dial lamp as the indicator.

My version of the pickup has two 21" telescopic whips fixed on a wooden strip, with the dial lamp soldered in between. It's quite convenient to push the telescopics in and fold them for storage.

Dipole-lamp pick-up - folded
With only 3.5W from my HT, and the dipole length adjusted to ½λ, the lamp glowed to more than full brilliance at a good distance from the antenna.

Dipole-lamp test on J-Pole antenna 
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'Wire Slim Jim' for 2m

This is a 'Wire Outside PVC' Slim Jim for 2m. It was made using enamelled copper wire and a vacuum cleaner nozzzle!

2m Wire Slim Jim
The wire ends and the BNC connector were fixed with self-tapping screws. The feed points were

connected to the BNC using the same wire. Water ingress points were sealed off with 'Araldite'.

An SWR of 1.5:1 was realized.

Related post: 2m J-Poles and a Slim Jim
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2m J-Poles and a Slim Jim

Last summer an attempt was made to homebrew a couple of 2m antennas, using parts salvaged from a disused VHF TV Yagi Beam.

The radiating element (folded dipole) provided the stub portion for two J-Poles. Bakelite pieces were used to ensure rigidity and also to locate the BNC connector.

2m J-poles and a Slim Jim
The moulded plastic box was used for the second version of the J-Pole. For the stub portion, the 2 elements were shorted inside the box. A BNC connector was located at the lower end of the box. A length of PVC pipe was fastened to the box to facilitate mounting of the antenna.

Close-up of the J-poles
'M-Seal’(epoxy sealant in dual component lump form) was used at the joints and to waterproof the connections.

The dimensions were arrived at using 'K4ABT's J-Pole Calculator'.

Absolutely no trials / adjustments were required to get the SWR very close to 1:1!

With the remaining material a Slim Jim came into being.

Construction was on similar lines and with good results.

Related post: Homebrew ¼ λ Magmount for 2m
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UHF on a VHF Rig

This circuit enables fair copy of strong 444 MHz signals, off a local repeater, using a 2m rig and an indoor 70cm ¼λ ground plane antenna.

UHF Converter 
The 300 MHz 5th harmonic of the local oscillator, mixing with the incoming signal, delivers output on 144 MHz.

UHF Converter - Schematic
The enclosure is a plastic trinket box reworked to fit two BNC sockets plus one RCA for the DC supply and also to screw the cover in place.

UHF Converter - inside view
The converse (VHF on a UHF Rig) is also possible by just changing over to a 2m antenna and a 70cm rig.
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